What is a Bull Put Spread?

A Bull Put Spread is an options income strategy where you sell a put at a higher strike and simultaneously buy a put at a lower strike — both with the same expiration date. You collect net premium upfront and profit if the stock stays above your sell strike at expiration.

MAX PROFIT
Net Premium × 100
Stock closes above sell strike
MAX LOSS
(Width − Premium) × 100
Stock closes below buy strike
BREAKEVEN
Sell Strike − Premium
Loss starts below this price
When to Use This Strategy
✓ Ideal Conditions
  • 📈 Bullish or neutral market outlook
  • ⚡ High IV Rank (50%+) — premium is expensive
  • 📅 DTE 35–60 days — optimal theta decay
  • 🏦 Strong company with clear support levels
  • 📊 VIX below 30 — stable macro environment
✗ Avoid When
  • 📉 Clearly bearish trend — stock breaking down
  • 📢 Earnings within the period — avoid binary events
  • ⚠️ VIX above 35 — too much systemic risk
  • 📉 Low IV Rank (below 30%) — premium too cheap
  • 💸 Margin > 5% of portfolio — concentration risk
How to Select Quality Companies — Reducing Risk

The single biggest risk reduction comes from stock selection. Only sell puts on companies you would genuinely want to own. This is the core principle of the Wheel strategy.

FUNDAMENTAL QUALITY
• ROE > 20% — strong returns on equity
• FCF Margin > 15% — generates real cash
• Debt/Equity < 0.5 — low leverage risk
• Gross Margin > 30% — pricing power
• Piotroski F-Score ≥ 6 — financial health
• Revenue growth consistent 3+ years
MARKET POSITION
• Large/Mega cap — NYSE or NASDAQ only
• Market leader in its sector (moat)
• Analyst consensus: Buy or Strong Buy
• Short Float < 10% — low short pressure
• Beta 0.7–2.0 — manageable volatility
• Sector ETF above SMA50 — sector health
TECHNICAL SETUP
• Stock price above SMA50 and SMA200
• Clear horizontal support at or near strike
• RSI not extremely overbought (>80)
• No major resistance directly above entry
• Volume confirming direction
• Place sell strike at or below support
EXAMPLES — QUALITY NAMES
✓ MSFT, AAPL, GOOGL — mega cap tech
✓ ASML, AMAT, LRCX — semis equipment
✓ NVDA (when IV high) — with tight spread
✓ AMZN, ANET, VEEV — cloud/software moat
✗ Meme stocks, biotech, micro caps
✗ Stocks near earnings announcement
Risk Management Rules
💰
Position sizing
Never exceed 5% of portfolio margin per position. Maximum 40% of total margin in one sector. This limits catastrophic loss from sector-wide moves.
🛑
Stop-loss rule
Close the position if loss reaches 100% of premium collected. Example: collected $300 premium → close if spread costs $600 to buy back. This limits max loss to ~$300, not the full $700.
🎯
Profit taking
Close at 50% of maximum profit. If you collected $300, close when spread is worth $150 to buy back. This frees up margin and reduces time in trade.
📅
DTE management
Enter at 35–60 DTE. Consider closing or rolling at 21 DTE to avoid gamma risk. Never hold through earnings unless using the Wheel strategy with full assignment readiness.
🔄
Rolling losing positions
If the stock approaches your sell strike, consider rolling down and out — move to a lower strike at a further expiry for a net credit. Only roll if the thesis is still intact.
Example Trade — LRCX

Lam Research trading at $260. IV Rank 66%. Selling a Bull Put Spread:

Sell 1x LRCX $260 Put @ $21.34 mid
Buy 1x LRCX $250 Put @ $16.55 mid
─────────────────────────────
Net Premium: $4.79 × 100 = $479 received
Max Loss: ($10 − $4.79) × 100 = $521
Breakeven: $260 − $4.79 = $255.21
Buffer: (260 − 255.21) / 260 = 1.8%
R:P: 521 / 479 = 1.09:1 ← Excellent
Ann. yield on margin: ~197% / year
⚠️ Educational example only. Not financial advice. Past results do not guarantee future performance. Always use the calculator and checklist before entering any trade.
1
Stock Parameters
2
Spread Parameters
3
Wheel Filter (ready to hold shares)
Piotroski F-Score ≥ 6
Analyst Recom.: Buy+
Current Ratio ≥ 1.5
Short Float ≤ 5%
Price above SMA50
Strike at support
Thesis Killers noted
Cash available for shares
4
Portfolio Control
IBKR Options Metrics Reference
MetricIdealAcceptableStop
52W IV Rank50–80%40–50%< 40%
Implied Vol %50–100%+35–50%< 30%
IV / Hist Vol110–150%100–110%< 100%
Put/Call Interest0.5–0.90.9–1.2> 1.5
Put/Call Volume0.5–0.80.8–1.2> 1.5
Opt Volume10K+2K–10K< 500
Open Interest (at strike)500+100–500< 50
Bid/Ask option spread< 5% mid5–10%> 15%
Delta (sell leg)0.25–0.350.35–0.45> 0.50
DTE45–60 d30–75 d< 21 d
R:P Ratio Reference Table
R:PRatingWhen it occursAction
1:1 – 2:1ExcellentATM strikes, IV Rank 60%+, tight spreadOpen immediately
2:1 – 5:1GoodOTM delta 0.25–0.35, IV Rank 50%+Open
5:1 – 10:1AcceptableеDeep OTM, IV Rank 40–50%Top stocks only (MSFT, AAPL)
10:1 – 20:1PoorFar OTM strikes, low IVDo not open
> 20:1StopNaked put, IV very lowUse a spread
Formulas
NET PREMIUM = (Sell Bid + Sell Ask)/2 − (Buy Bid + Buy Ask)/2
BREAKEVEN = Sell Strike − Net Premium
BUFFER = (Price − Breakeven) / Price × 100%
MAX LOSS = (Width − Net Premium) × 100
R:P = Max Loss / (Net Premium × 100)
YIELD on margin (ann.) = Net Premium / Margin × (365 / DTE) × 100%
Pre-Trade Checklist (35 points)
Block A — Initial Screening (Finviz)
Block B — Options Metrics (IBKR)
Block C — Spread Parameters
Block D — Portfolio & Margin