JUPITER NEUROSCIENCES, INC.

This Business section, along with other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe that these industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies are reliable, we have not independently verified such data and we do not make any representation as to the accuracy of the information. Unless the context otherwise requires, JNS, we, us, our, or the Company refers to Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Overview Jupiter Neurosciences, Inc. (the Company, we or us ) is a clinical stage research and development company focused on developing treatments for neuroinflammation through our unique resveratrol platform. Our platform product, JOTROL , is an enhanced oral formulation of resveratrol, which has many potential indications. In the larger disease areas, we are primarily targeting Parkinson’s Disease. We are presently in the process of conducting a Phase IIa clinical trial in Parkinson’s Disease. In March 2025, the Company unveiled a new strategic initiative to introduce Nugevia a consumer-oriented product line dedicated to longevity and wellness.