Nuvve Holding Corp.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this section to we, us and our and to Nuvve and the Company are to Nuvve Holding Corp. and its subsidiaries. We are a grid modernization and advanced energy storage and management company that has developed a proprietary vehicle-to-grid ("V2G") technology, including our Grid Integrated Vehicle ("GIVe") cloud-based software platform, powered by advanced artificial intelligence ("AI"). Our AI-driven platform enables us to link multiple electric vehicle ("EV") batteries, as well as stationary batteries, into a virtual power plant to provide bi-directional energy to the electrical grid in a qualified and secure manner. At the core of our technology is a comprehensive AI architecture that spans the entire business. Our platform leverages machine learning and predictive analytics for real-time energy forecasting, intelligently anticipating grid demand, energy pricing fluctuations, and optimal charge-discharge cycles to maximize value for all participants. This AI-first approach extends beyond energy management it is embedded in our full product development lifecycle, accelerating innovation from concept through deployment, and drives our sales management processes, enabling smarter customer engagement, pipeline optimization, and data-driven go-to-market strategies.