Simulations Plus, Inc.

As used in this Report, each of the terms we, us, our, the Company, and Simulations Plus refers to Simulations Plus, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (both current and previous, as applicable). Simulations Plus, Inc. was incorporated in California on July 17, 1996. The Company is a global leader and premier provider in the biopharma sector, offering advanced software and consulting services that enhance drug discovery and development, clinical trial operations, and commercialization. The Company supports its clients across the drug development lifecycle from early discovery through all phases of clinical research and development ( R&D ), including clinical operations, to product commercialization. The Company serves clients as a strategic partner throughout the entire drug development lifecycle, offering solutions that integrate scientific software platforms, artificial intelligence-augmented insights, and expert consulting. This optimizes efficiency, costs, and time-to-market for our clients, thereby enhancing our competitive position. Our clients face many challenges. Developing new therapies is time-consuming and expensive, requiring an average of 10-15 years at an average cost of $2.2 billion to develop a single drug according to Drug Discovery Today. Drug sponsors must prioritize not only the safety and efficacy of the drug, but also navigate issues such as drug-drug interactions, inclusion of diverse populations, evolving regulatory policies, increasing compliance during clinical trials, and achieving commercial success.